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Porosity of different rocks in relation to capturing/moving of gases and liquids
Řimnáčová, Daniela ; Vöröš, Dominik ; Natherová, Vendula ; Přikryl, R. ; Lokajíček, Tomáš
Variability in the porosity of natural rocks and waste have been investigated in relation to the influence on the\npermeability of gases and water. The samples were of sedimentary or igneous rocks, carbon-rich rocks, and solid\nporous waste material after thermal conversion. Using mercury intrusion porosimetry, porosity values and pore\nsize distribution varied with the origin of materials. These results have been compared and a connection between\nthe origin and porosity of material was observed. Total porosity values of selected samples ranged from ca. 0.2%\nfor granite to 55% for waste porous material. Lower porosity values demonstrate the connectivity between\nmesopores or micropores and are related to the capturing of greenhouse gases, while higher porosity is caused\npredominantly by the presence of macropores and coarse pores, which serve as pathways for permeability of\ngases and liquids.
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Conjugated porous polymers derived from diethynylarenes by chain-growth polymerization and polycyclotrimerization
Slováková, Eva ; Sedláček, Jan (advisor) ; Merna, Jan (referee) ; Červený, Libor (referee)
4 ABSTRACT The synthesis has been described yielding a new type of rigid conjugated polymer networks which possess a high content of permanent micropores and macropores and exhibit high surface areas up to 1469 m2/g. The networks have been prepared via chain-growth coordination polymerization catalysed with insertion catalysts based on Rh complexes. This polymerization has been newly applied to bifunctional acetylenic monomers of diethynylarene type (1,4-diethynylbenzene, 1,3-diethynylbenzene and 4,4'-diethynylbiphenyl). The covalent structure of the networks consists of the polyacetylene main chains densely connected by arylene struts. The W and Mo metathesis catalysts have been revealed as inefficient for the synthesis of these networks. The increase in the polymerization temperature and time has been shown to affect positively the content and the diameter (up to 22 nm) of the mesopores in the networks. A mechanism has been proposed that explains the mesopores formation as a result of mutual knitting of small particles of the microporous polymer. The application of emulsion polymerization technique allowed to prepare texturally hierarchical polyacetylene networks possessing interconnected open macropores (diameter up to 4,8 μm) the walls of which exhibited micro/mesoporous texture. It was demonstrated...
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Conjugated porous polymers derived from diethynylarenes by chain-growth polymerization and polycyclotrimerization
Slováková, Eva
The synthesis has been described yielding a new type of rigid conjugated polymer networks which possess a high content of permanent micropores and macropores and exhibit high surface areas up to 1469 m2/g. The networks have been prepared via chain-growth coordination polymerization catalysed with insertion catalysts based on Rh complexes. This polymerization has been newly applied to bifunctional acetylenic monomers of diethynylarene type (1,4-diethynylbenzene, 1,3-diethynylbenzene and 4,4'-diethynylbiphenyl). The covalent structure of the networks consists of the polyacetylene main chains densely connected by arylene struts. The W and Mo metathesis catalysts have been revealed as inefficient for the synthesis of these networks. The increase in the polymerization temperature and time has been shown to affect positively the content and the diameter (up to 22 nm) of the mesopores in the networks. A mechanism has been proposed that explains the mesopores formation as a result of mutual knitting of small particles of the microporous polymer. The application of emulsion polymerization technique allowed to prepare texturally hierarchical polyacetylene networks possessing interconnected open macropores (diameter up to 4,8 μm) the walls of which exhibited micro/mesoporous texture. It was demonstrated that...
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Ionic polyacetylene type polymers and polymer networks by catalyst-free quaternization polymerization
Faukner, Tomáš
(Doctoral Thesis, 2016, Mgr. Tomáš Faukner, IONIC POLYACETYLENE TYPE POLYMERS AND POLYMER NETWORKS BY CATALYST FREE QUATERNIZATION POLYMERIZATION) The composition and structure of a series of ionic π-conjugated poly(monosubstituted acetylene)s prepared via catalyst-free quaternization polymerization (QP) of 2-ethynylpyridine (2EP) activated with equimolar amount of alkyl halide [RX = ethyl bromide, ethyl iodide, nonyl bromide and haxadecyl (cetyl) bromide] as a quaternizing agent (QA) have been studied in detail. The performed QPs gave ionic polymers well soluble in polar solvents, with approximately half of pyridine rings quaternized, which implies that also non-quaternized monomers were involved in the process of QP. The configurational structure of polyacetylene main chains was suggested based on 1 H NMR, IR as well as Raman (SERS) spectral methods. The QPs in bulk gave more expected irregular cis/trans polymers while the QPs in acetonitrile solution gave high-cis polymers. A series of prepared symmetrical bi-pyridylacetylene based monomers has been polymerized via QP approach resulting into a series of new ionic π-conjugated poly(disubstituted acetylene) type materials. It is therefore obvious that the mechanism of quaternization activation frequently applied on monosubstituted...
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Ionic polyacetylene type polymers and polymer networks by catalyst-free quaternization polymerization
Faukner, Tomáš
(Doctoral Thesis, 2016, Mgr. Tomáš Faukner, IONIC POLYACETYLENE TYPE POLYMERS AND POLYMER NETWORKS BY CATALYST FREE QUATERNIZATION POLYMERIZATION) The composition and structure of a series of ionic π-conjugated poly(monosubstituted acetylene)s prepared via catalyst-free quaternization polymerization (QP) of 2-ethynylpyridine (2EP) activated with equimolar amount of alkyl halide [RX = ethyl bromide, ethyl iodide, nonyl bromide and haxadecyl (cetyl) bromide] as a quaternizing agent (QA) have been studied in detail. The performed QPs gave ionic polymers well soluble in polar solvents, with approximately half of pyridine rings quaternized, which implies that also non-quaternized monomers were involved in the process of QP. The configurational structure of polyacetylene main chains was suggested based on 1 H NMR, IR as well as Raman (SERS) spectral methods. The QPs in bulk gave more expected irregular cis/trans polymers while the QPs in acetonitrile solution gave high-cis polymers. A series of prepared symmetrical bi-pyridylacetylene based monomers has been polymerized via QP approach resulting into a series of new ionic π-conjugated poly(disubstituted acetylene) type materials. It is therefore obvious that the mechanism of quaternization activation frequently applied on monosubstituted...
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Ionic polyacetylene type polymers and polymer networks by catalyst-free quaternization polymerization
Faukner, Tomáš ; Zedník, Jiří (advisor) ; Balcar, Hynek (referee) ; Sedlařík, Vladimír (referee)
(Doctoral Thesis, 2016, Mgr. Tomáš Faukner, IONIC POLYACETYLENE TYPE POLYMERS AND POLYMER NETWORKS BY CATALYST FREE QUATERNIZATION POLYMERIZATION) The composition and structure of a series of ionic π-conjugated poly(monosubstituted acetylene)s prepared via catalyst-free quaternization polymerization (QP) of 2-ethynylpyridine (2EP) activated with equimolar amount of alkyl halide [RX = ethyl bromide, ethyl iodide, nonyl bromide and haxadecyl (cetyl) bromide] as a quaternizing agent (QA) have been studied in detail. The performed QPs gave ionic polymers well soluble in polar solvents, with approximately half of pyridine rings quaternized, which implies that also non-quaternized monomers were involved in the process of QP. The configurational structure of polyacetylene main chains was suggested based on 1 H NMR, IR as well as Raman (SERS) spectral methods. The QPs in bulk gave more expected irregular cis/trans polymers while the QPs in acetonitrile solution gave high-cis polymers. A series of prepared symmetrical bi-pyridylacetylene based monomers has been polymerized via QP approach resulting into a series of new ionic π-conjugated poly(disubstituted acetylene) type materials. It is therefore obvious that the mechanism of quaternization activation frequently applied on monosubstituted...
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Conjugated porous polymers derived from diethynylarenes by chain-growth polymerization and polycyclotrimerization
Slováková, Eva ; Sedláček, Jan (advisor) ; Merna, Jan (referee) ; Červený, Libor (referee)
4 ABSTRACT The synthesis has been described yielding a new type of rigid conjugated polymer networks which possess a high content of permanent micropores and macropores and exhibit high surface areas up to 1469 m2/g. The networks have been prepared via chain-growth coordination polymerization catalysed with insertion catalysts based on Rh complexes. This polymerization has been newly applied to bifunctional acetylenic monomers of diethynylarene type (1,4-diethynylbenzene, 1,3-diethynylbenzene and 4,4'-diethynylbiphenyl). The covalent structure of the networks consists of the polyacetylene main chains densely connected by arylene struts. The W and Mo metathesis catalysts have been revealed as inefficient for the synthesis of these networks. The increase in the polymerization temperature and time has been shown to affect positively the content and the diameter (up to 22 nm) of the mesopores in the networks. A mechanism has been proposed that explains the mesopores formation as a result of mutual knitting of small particles of the microporous polymer. The application of emulsion polymerization technique allowed to prepare texturally hierarchical polyacetylene networks possessing interconnected open macropores (diameter up to 4,8 μm) the walls of which exhibited micro/mesoporous texture. It was demonstrated...
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Conjugated porous polymers derived from diethynylarenes by chain-growth polymerization and polycyclotrimerization
Slováková, Eva
The synthesis has been described yielding a new type of rigid conjugated polymer networks which possess a high content of permanent micropores and macropores and exhibit high surface areas up to 1469 m2/g. The networks have been prepared via chain-growth coordination polymerization catalysed with insertion catalysts based on Rh complexes. This polymerization has been newly applied to bifunctional acetylenic monomers of diethynylarene type (1,4-diethynylbenzene, 1,3-diethynylbenzene and 4,4'-diethynylbiphenyl). The covalent structure of the networks consists of the polyacetylene main chains densely connected by arylene struts. The W and Mo metathesis catalysts have been revealed as inefficient for the synthesis of these networks. The increase in the polymerization temperature and time has been shown to affect positively the content and the diameter (up to 22 nm) of the mesopores in the networks. A mechanism has been proposed that explains the mesopores formation as a result of mutual knitting of small particles of the microporous polymer. The application of emulsion polymerization technique allowed to prepare texturally hierarchical polyacetylene networks possessing interconnected open macropores (diameter up to 4,8 μm) the walls of which exhibited micro/mesoporous texture. It was demonstrated that...
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